European government finances
Government debt per resident in the EU
Put national debt on a human scale. Compare the debt stock per resident alongside total government debt and the debt-to-GDP ratio.
EU Debt Map calculation · official Eurostat inputs
- EU-27 weighted comparison
- €34,514 per resident
- Debt at year-end
- 2025 2025-12-31
- Population on 1 January
- 2026 2026-01-01
Sum of the 27 national debts ÷ sum of their populations. This is not Eurostat’s separately consolidated EU debt aggregate or a simple average of country results.
Some population inputs are provisional or estimated; the EU comparison inherits this uncertainty.
Debt at year-end · 2025
One measure, 27 countries
Select a country on the map or in the list. Darker blue indicates more debt per resident, not a verdict on fiscal health.
Loading map. All figures are also available in the ranking.
- Under €15,000
- €15,000–<€30,000
- €30,000–<€45,000
- €45,000 or more
- No data
Netherlands
€28,887
per resident
- Government debt · 2025
- €523,720,000,000
- Debt / GDP · 2025
- 44.7%
- Population on 1 January 2026
- 18,130,208
- EU rank
- 11 / 27
Population flags: p = provisional, e = estimated, ep = both. A country’s calculation inherits the uncertainty of its inputs. Other Eurostat codes are retained beside their source value. No code means none was supplied; revisions remain possible.
Debt per resident, compared
Highest to lowest debt per resident. Amounts are rounded to whole euros; equal displayed amounts share a rank (1, 2, 2, 4). Search does not change ranks.
Countries shown: 27 / 27
| EU rank | Country | Debt per resident2025 | Government debt2025 | Debt / GDP2025 | Residents2026-01-01 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | BelgiumBE | €57,952p | €692,831,900,000 | 108.1% | 11,955,308p |
| 2 | ItalyIT | €52,544p | €3,097,093,300,000 | 136.7% | 58,942,828p |
| 3 | FranceFR | €50,065p | €3,460,111,000,000 | 115.7% | 69,112,309p |
| 4 | AustriaAT | €45,397 | €418,373,500,000 | 80.7% | 9,215,956 |
| 5 | FinlandFI | €44,088 | €249,225,000,000 | 88.4% | 5,652,881 |
| 6 | IrelandIE | €38,095 | €209,922,600,000 | 34.8% | 5,510,565 |
| 7 | GreeceGR | €35,016ep | €362,995,000,000 | 145.4% | 10,366,586ep |
| 8 | LuxembourgLU | €34,371 | €23,748,900,000 | 26.0% | 690,959 |
| 9 | SpainES | €34,248p | €1,698,354,800,000 | 100.5% | 49,590,099p |
| 10 | GermanyDE | €34,097 | €2,845,970,100,000 | 62.8% | 83,467,117 |
| 11 | NetherlandsNL | €28,887 | €523,720,000,000 | 44.7% | 18,130,208 |
| 12 | PortugalPT | €24,079 | €275,075,100,000 | 89.2% | 11,424,031 |
| 13 | SloveniaSI | €21,700 | €46,332,000,000 | 65.1% | 2,135,107 |
| 14 | SwedenSE | €20,309 | €215,382,600,000 | 35.1% | 10,605,529 |
| 15 | CyprusCY | €20,122p | €20,053,200,000 | 52.3% | 996,571p |
| 16 | MaltaMT | €19,397 | €11,410,100,000 | 46.3% | 588,254 |
| 17 | DenmarkDK | €18,835 | €113,491,100,000 | 27.2% | 6,025,603 |
| 18 | HungaryHU | €17,765 | €168,565,700,000 | 74.4% | 9,488,428 |
| 19 | SlovakiaSK | €15,521 | €83,957,000,000 | 60.5% | 5,409,407 |
| 20 | PolandPL | €15,226 | €553,218,900,000 | 59.6% | 36,332,765 |
| 21 | CzechiaCZ | €14,315 | €156,259,200,000 | 44.2% | 10,915,839 |
| 22 | CroatiaHR | €13,512 | €52,371,300,000 | 55.7% | 3,876,002 |
| 23 | RomaniaRO | €11,722e | €223,196,400,000 | 58.9% | 19,041,322e |
| 24 | LithuaniaLT | €11,586 | €33,455,100,000 | 39.3% | 2,887,592 |
| 25 | LatviaLV | €10,923 | €20,153,400,000 | 46.2% | 1,845,096 |
| 26 | EstoniaEE | €7,383 | €10,046,500,000 | 24.0% | 1,360,745 |
| 27 | BulgariaBG | €5,417 | €34,797,000,000 | 29.9% | 6,423,207 |
Calculation
The dates behind the division
A matched stock date
Year-end debt is divided by the population on 1 January of the following year. Eurostat conventionally publishes the population at 31 December under that following January date. We use annual debt here, so a newer quarterly debt stock is not paired with an older population silently.
Debt in millions of euros × 1,000,000 ÷ resident population. Display values are rounded only after division. Debt/GDP is Eurostat’s published ratio, not calculated from population.
What this comparison can tell you
The denominator is the population, including children, not just taxpayers or citizens. The result is not adjusted for purchasing power and does not subtract government assets. Income, tax capacity and interest costs also matter when assessing public finances.
A comparison, not a personal bill. Government debt per resident does not mean that each person owes this amount.
Compare budget balances →EU Debt Map calculation · official Eurostat inputs
Sources & calculation
Official inputs: Eurostat, gov_10dd_edpt1 and demo_gind. Visualisation and calculations: EU Debt Map. This independent website is not endorsed by Eurostat.
- Debt at year-end
- 31 December 2025
- Population on 1 January 2026
- 1 January 2026
- Debt and debt/GDP · Source updated
- gov_10dd_edpt1 · 21 October 2026
- Population · Source updated
- demo_gind · 30 September 2026
- Accessed
Calculation
Debt in millions of euros × 1,000,000 ÷ resident population. Display values are rounded only after division. Debt/GDP is Eurostat’s published ratio, not calculated from population.
Year-end debt is divided by the population on 1 January of the following year. Eurostat conventionally publishes the population at 31 December under that following January date. We use annual debt here, so a newer quarterly debt stock is not paired with an older population silently.
Sum of the 27 national debts ÷ sum of their populations. This is not Eurostat’s separately consolidated EU debt aggregate or a simple average of country results.
Population flags: p = provisional, e = estimated, ep = both. A country’s calculation inherits the uncertainty of its inputs. Other Eurostat codes are retained beside their source value. No code means none was supplied; revisions remain possible.
Methodology · Eurostat
We use demo_gind, indicator JAN (total population on 1 January, persons). Eurostat identifies this table as potentially more up to date than detailed age/sex tables. National population methods can differ; consult the source metadata.
An explicit update fetches and validates all 27 countries before replacing the local snapshot. Builds and visits use the saved data. Missing or zero population, forecasts, incompatible dates and regressed sources reject the update; no population is interpolated or substituted.
- API query: gov_10dd_edpt1 · freq=A · sector=S13 · na_item=GD · unit=MIO_EUR
- API query: gov_10dd_edpt1 · freq=A · sector=S13 · na_item=GD · unit=PC_GDP
- API query: demo_gind · freq=A · indic_de=JAN
Put the figures in context
- Debt relative to GDP →
Compare the debt stock with the size of each economy.
- Debt growth →
Separate changes in euros from changes in the debt-to-GDP ratio.
Related analysis
This article uses debt at 30 June 2026 and population on 1 January 2026, six months apart. The comparison page uses year-end debt and population on the following 1 January; the figures are not interchangeable.