European government finances

Government debt per resident in the EU

Name: Debt per resident · EU-27 · 2025
Creator: EU Debt Map

Put national debt on a human scale. Compare the debt stock per resident alongside total government debt and the debt-to-GDP ratio.

EU Debt Map calculation · official Eurostat inputs

EU-27 weighted comparison: €34,487
Debt at year-end: 2025
Population on 1 January: 2026

Sum of the 27 national debts ÷ sum of their populations. This is not Eurostat’s separately consolidated EU debt aggregate or a simple average of country results.

Some population inputs are provisional or estimated; the EU comparison inherits this uncertainty.

A comparison, not a personal bill. Government debt per resident does not mean that each person owes this amount.

Debt at year-end · 2025

One measure, 27 countries

Select a country on the map or in the list. Darker blue indicates more debt per resident, not a verdict on fiscal health.

Loading map. All figures are also available in the ranking.

Under €15,000
€15,000–<€30,000
€30,000–<€45,000
€45,000 or more
No data

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Netherlands

€28,877

per resident

Government debt · 2025: €523,541,000,000
Debt / GDP · 2025: 44.4%
Population on 1 January 2026: 18,130,208
EU rank: 11 / 27

Explore this country’s finances →

Population flags: p = provisional, e = estimated, ep = both. A country’s calculation inherits the uncertainty of its inputs. Other Eurostat codes are retained beside their source value. No code means none was supplied; revisions remain possible.

Debt per resident, compared

Find a country

Highest to lowest debt per resident. Amounts are rounded to whole euros; equal displayed amounts share a rank (1, 2, 2, 4). Search does not change ranks.

Countries shown: 27 / 27

Debt per resident · 2025 / 2026-01-01
EU rank	Country	Debt per resident2025	Government debt2025	Debt / GDP2025	Residents2026-01-01
1	BelgiumBE	€57,921^p	€692,460,800,000	107.9%	11,955,308^p
2	ItalyIT	€52,524^p	€3,095,887,600,000	137.1%	58,942,828^p
3	FranceFR	€50,070^p	€3,460,465,100,000	115.6%	69,112,309^p
4	AustriaAT	€45,365	€418,078,500,000	81.5%	9,215,956
5	FinlandFI	€43,948	€248,433,000,000	88.5%	5,652,881
6	IrelandIE	€38,091	€209,902,300,000	32.9%	5,510,565
7	GreeceGR	€35,009^ep	€362,925,000,000	146.1%	10,366,586^ep
8	LuxembourgLU	€34,293	€23,695,100,000	26.5%	690,959
9	SpainES	€34,245^p	€1,698,224,600,000	100.7%	49,590,099^p
10	GermanyDE	€34,004	€2,838,238,900,000	63.5%	83,467,117
11	NetherlandsNL	€28,877	€523,541,000,000	44.4%	18,130,208
12	PortugalPT	€24,078	€275,062,800,000	89.7%	11,424,031
13	SloveniaSI	€21,696	€46,323,600,000	65.7%	2,135,107
14	CyprusCY	€20,147^p	€20,078,200,000	55.0%	996,571^p
15	SwedenSE	€20,088	€213,039,000,000	35.1%	10,605,529
16	MaltaMT	€19,374	€11,397,100,000	46.4%	588,254
17	DenmarkDK	€19,002	€114,501,500,000	27.9%	6,025,603
18	HungaryHU	€17,762	€168,536,000,000	74.6%	9,488,428
19	SlovakiaSK	€15,521	€83,956,800,000	61.4%	5,409,407
20	PolandPL	€15,227	€553,222,700,000	59.7%	36,332,765
21	CzechiaCZ	€14,311	€156,217,800,000	44.3%	10,915,839
22	CroatiaHR	€13,512	€52,370,800,000	56.3%	3,876,002
23	RomaniaRO	€11,719^e	€223,144,700,000	59.3%	19,041,322^e
24	LithuaniaLT	€11,518	€33,259,000,000	39.5%	2,887,592
25	LatviaLV	€10,934	€20,173,900,000	46.9%	1,845,096
26	EstoniaEE	€7,375	€10,035,200,000	24.1%	1,360,745
27	BulgariaBG	€5,392	€34,634,900,000	29.9%	6,423,207

Calculation

The dates behind the division

A matched stock date

Year-end debt is divided by the population on 1 January of the following year. Eurostat conventionally publishes the population at 31 December under that following January date. We use annual debt here, so a newer quarterly debt stock is not paired with an older population silently.

Debt in millions of euros × 1,000,000 ÷ resident population. Display values are rounded only after division. Debt/GDP is Eurostat’s published ratio, not calculated from population.

What this comparison can tell you

The denominator is the population, including children, not just taxpayers or citizens. The result is not adjusted for purchasing power and does not subtract government assets. Income, tax capacity and interest costs also matter when assessing public finances.

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View the EU debt map →

EU Debt Map calculation · official Eurostat inputs

Sources & calculation

Official inputs: Eurostat, gov_10dd_edpt1 and demo_gind. Visualisation and calculations: EU Debt Map. This independent website is not endorsed by Eurostat.

Debt at year-end: 31 December 2025
Population on 1 January 2026: 1 January 2026
Debt and debt/GDP · Source updated: gov_10dd_edpt1 · 22 April 2026
Population · Source updated: demo_gind · 21 July 2026
Accessed: 5 September 2026

Calculation

Debt in millions of euros × 1,000,000 ÷ resident population. Display values are rounded only after division. Debt/GDP is Eurostat’s published ratio, not calculated from population.

Sum of the 27 national debts ÷ sum of their populations. This is not Eurostat’s separately consolidated EU debt aggregate or a simple average of country results.

Methodology · Eurostat

We use demo_gind, indicator JAN (total population on 1 January, persons). Eurostat identifies this table as potentially more up to date than detailed age/sex tables. National population methods can differ; consult the source metadata.

An explicit update fetches and validates all 27 countries before replacing the local snapshot. Builds and visits use the saved data. Missing or zero population, forecasts, incompatible dates and regressed sources reject the update; no population is interpolated or substituted.

API query: gov_10dd_edpt1 · freq=A · sector=S13 · na_item=GD · unit=MIO_EUR
API query: gov_10dd_edpt1 · freq=A · sector=S13 · na_item=GD · unit=PC_GDP
API query: demo_gind · freq=A · indic_de=JAN

Methodology →